Convincing applications Total metal concentration and speciation: Apart from the determination of the total concentration, which is normally obtained with spectroscopic methods, voltammetry allows to distinguish the different oxidation stages of metal ions or differentiate between free and bound metal ions as well as to specify the biological availability of heavy metals. This makes voltammetry into an essential tool for environmental analysis. Comparable insights can only be gained by spectroscopy after complicated separation of the metal species. Its compact size means that the VA instrument can also be used in mobile laboratories. Samples with high ionic concentration are no problem for voltammetry. Organics and anions: Not only metals but also various organic compounds can be determined by voltammetry. VA techniques are used in organic chemistry and in the pharmaceutical industry. Some special anions can also be determined by voltammetry. The determination of environmentally relevant anions like cyanide, sulfide, nitrite or nitrate is particularly interesting Voltammetric trace analysis - has extremely low detection limits
- has no problems with high salt concentrations
- allows speciation
- differentiates between free and complexed metal ions
- can also analyze non-metals such as anions or organics.
Typical Detection Limits (1 ppt = 1 part per trillion = 1 ng/kg) | Antimony | Sb(III), Sb(V) | 200 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 74 | | Arsenic | As(III), As(V) | 100 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 226 | | Bismuth | Bi | 500 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 74 | | Cadmium | Cd | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Chromium | Cr(III), Cr(VI) | 25 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 116 | | Cobalt | Co | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Copper | Cu | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Iron | Fe(II), Fe(III) | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 123 | | Lead | Pb | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Mercury | Hg | 100 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 96 | | Molybdenum | Mo | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 146 | | Nickel | Ni | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Platinum | Pt | 0.1 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 220 | | Rhodium | Rh | 0.1 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 220 | | Thallium | Tl | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | | Tungsten | W | 200 ppt | e.g. Application Note V-65 | | Uranium | U | 25 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 266 | | Zinc | Zn | 50 ppt | e.g. Application Bulletin 231 | The applications can be downloaded from the Info Center (registration required). Download of bulletins: English, French, German. |
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