Effect of Partial Replacement of Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber with By-Product Neutral Detergent Fiber in Close-Up Diets on Periparturient Performanc

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with by-product NDF in close-up diets of dairy cattle on periparturient metabolism and performance. Holstein cows (n = 45) and heifers (n = 19) were fed corn silage-based diets containing 1) 30% oat hay, or 2) 15% oat hay and 15% beet pulp from d –21 relative to expected parturition until parturition. After parturition, all animals received the same lactation diet. Animals were group-fed from d –21 to –10 relative to expected parturition and fed individually from d –10 until 14 d in milk. Animals were required to have at least 5 d of prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) data to remain on the study. Data were analyzed as a randomized design and subjected to ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Close-up diet did not affect DMI, total tract nutrient digestibility, energy balance, or serum content of nonesterified fatty acids and ß-hydroxybutyrate during the last 5 d prepartum. Prepartum body weight and body condition score were similar between treatments. There was no carryover effect of close-up diet on DMI, energy balance, milk yield, body weight, body condition score, or serum content of nonesterified fatty acids and ß-hydroxybutyrate during the first 14 d in milk. In summary, partial replacement of forage NDF (oat hay) with by-product NDF (beet pulp) did not affect periparturient metabolism or performance.

Key Words: intake • neutral detergent fiber • nonforage fiber source • transition cow

Flow-injection chemiluminescent determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids using the [Ru(dipy)

Abstract
A flow-injection (FI) methodology using (2,2 -dipyridyl) ruthenium(II) [Ru(dipy)3 2+ ] chemiluminescence (CL) was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride. The method is based on the CL reaction of metoclopramide with
Ru(dipy)3 2+ and KMnO4 in a sulfuric acid medium. Under the optimum conditions, a calibration graph was obtained over the concentration range 0.005–3.5 g ml−1 with a limit of detection (S/N = 2) of 1 ng ml−1 . The correlation coefficient was 0.99993 (n = 8) with a relative
standard deviation of 0.48% for 10 determinations of 1 g ml−1 of drug. The method was successfully applied to the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids after IP administration of 25 mg kg−1 dose to rats. The elimination
half-life was 2.5 ± 0.4 h.

© 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Metoclopramide; Chemiluminescence flow-injection; Potassium permanganate –Tris(2,2 -dipyridyl) ruthenium(II) reaction; Pharmaceutical
analysis; Biological fluids

[PDF] Flow-injection chemiluminescent determination of metoclopramide

5 MATERIALS: APPARATUS, REAGENTS, SAMPLES

5.1 Introduction

Quality analytical work can only be performed if all materials used are suitable for the job, properly organized and well cared for. This means that the tools are adequate and in good condition, and that sample material receives attention with respect to proper handling, storing and disposal.

The tools used for analysis may be subdivided into four categories:

1 Primary measuring equipment (pipettes, diluters, burettes, balances, thermometers, flow meters, etc.)

2. Analytical apparatus or instruments.

3. Miscellaneous equipment and materials (ovens, furnaces, fridges, stills, glassware, etc.)

4. Reagents.

The saying that a chain is as strong as its weakest link applies particularly to these items. An analyst may have gone out of his/her way (as he/she should) to prepare extracts, if the cuvette of the spectrophotometer is dirty, or if the wavelength dial does not indicate the correct wavelength, the measurements are in jeopardy. Both the blank and the control sample (and a possible "blind" sample or spike) most likely will reveal that something is wrong, but the harm is already done: the problem has to be found and resolved, and the batch might have to be repeated. This is a costly affair and has to be minimized (it is an illusion to think that it can be totally prevented) by proper handling and maintenance of the equipment.

Also the quality and condition of a number of other working materials have to be watched closely. The calibration of thermometers, burettes and pipettes, particularly the adjustable types, may exceed the acceptable tolerance (and be put out of use). New glassware may look clean but always needs to be washed. Glassware may give off unwanted elements (boron, silicon, sodium). The same goes for milling and grinding equipment (pestles and mortars, tungsten carbide grinders, brass or steel sieves). For virtually all analyses glassware needs to be rinsed with deionized water after washing. Therefore, if glassware, such as volumetric flasks, is shared by analysts, they should be able to rely on the loyalty and good laboratory practice of their colleagues.

A similar reasoning applies to reagents. One of the most prominent sources of the errors made in a laboratory is the use of wrongly prepared or old reagents. Therefore, reagents have to be prepared very carefully and exactly following the prescriptions, they have to be well labelled and expiry dates have to be observed closely. Filtering a pH buffer solution in which fungi are flourishing may save time and reagent but is penny-wise and pound-foolish.

Of equal importance for the quality of the work is the proper handling of the sample material. Not only the technical aspects such as sample preparation, but particularly the safeguarding of identity and integrity of the samples as well as the final storage or disposal (chain of custody).

As part of the overall quality assurance, in this chapter a number of instructions and suggestions are presented to ensure the analytical reliability of the main tools and proper organization of sample handling.

Articles

An arsenic(III)-oxidizing bacterial population: selection, characterization, and performance in reactors

Aims: To select an autotrophic arsenic(III)-oxidizing population, named CASO1, and to evaluate the performance of the selected bacteria in reactors.
Methods and Results: An As(III)-containing medium without organic substrate was used to select CASO1 from a mining environment. As(III) oxidation was studied under batch and continuous conditions. The main organisms present in CASO1 were identified with molecular biology tools. CASO1 exhibited significant As(III)-oxidizing activity between pH 3 and 8. The optimum temperature was 25°C. As(III) oxidation was still observed in the presence of 1000 mg l^-1 As(III). In continuous culture mode, the As(III) oxidation rate reached 160 mg l^-1 h^-1. The CASO1 consortium contains at least two organisms – strain b3, which is phylogenetically close to Ralstonia picketii, and strain b6, which is related to the genus Thiomonas. The divergence in 16S rDNA sequences between b6 and the closest related organism was 5·9%, suggesting that b6 may be a new species.
Conclusions: High As(III)-oxidizing activity can be obtained without organic nutrient supply, using a bacterial population from a mining environment.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The biological oxidation of arsenite by the CASO1 population is of particular interest for decontamination of arsenic-contaminated waste or groundwater.

Articles

HYDROTALCITE-LIKE MINERALS (M2Al(OH)6(CO3)0.5.XH2O, WHERE M = Mg, Zn, Co, Ni) IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND THERMODYNAMIC STABIL

Introduction
Hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDH), of the formulation M₂Al(OH)₆(CO₃)_0.5.H₂O, where M = Mg, Zn, Co, Ni, have been prepared, the products characterized and their solubility products measured at ionic strengths of 0.0065 and 0.0128 M and at 25°C. Steady-state solubility was reached after 100 days. The solubility products have been formulated according to the following reaction: M₂Al(OH)₆0.5CO₃ H₂O +6H⁺ " border="0"> 2M²⁺ Al³⁺ + 0.5CO₃^2– + H₂O where

Average values of K_so for I = 0, estimated using the Davies equation, are 25.43, 20.80, 22.88 and 20.03 for Mg, Zn, Co and Ni, respectively. Model calculations reveal that the thermodynamic stability of the LDHs is greater than that of the corresponding divalent hydroxides for Zn, Co and Ni below a pH of ~10, 9 and 8, respectively, and at least up to pH 12 for Mg.

Key Words: Cobalt • Hydrotalcite • Magnesium • Nickel • Solubility • Zinc

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				R. k. Allada, E. Peltier, A. Navrotsky, W. H. Casey, C. A. Johnson, H. T. Berbeco, and D. L. Sparks CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION OF HYDROTALCITE-LIKE SOLIDS AND THEIR USE IN THE GEOCHEMICAL MODELING OF METALS IN NATURAL WATERS Clays and Clay Minerals, August 1, 2006; 54(4): 409 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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Validation of Some Procedures for Quantifying Platinum at sub-g/L Level in Some Real Matrices by Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract
The potential toxicological properties of platinum group elements, usually present in real matrices at sub-ng/g level, explain the increasing interest in developing specific and sensitive analytical methods. In this work, a validation study was performed in order to ensure the fitness-for-purposes of procedures developed for quantifying platinum in tap water, beer and lettuce using an extremely sensitive method based on catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The work involved the estimation of selectivity, detection and quantitation limits, range, accuracy (trueness plus precision), uncertainty of measurement (UOM), robustness and recovery. The results are discussed in the light of the most recent literature findings.

Abstract | References | Full Text: PDF (Size: 173K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking

Keywords

Catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry • Platinum • sub-g/L level • Tap water • Beer • Lettuce

Physico-Chemical Properties, Composition and Oxidative Stability of Camelina sativa Oil Oxidative Stability of Camelina sativa Oil

Summary
Camelina sativa is a cruciferous oilseed plant. With the aim of describing the general characteristics of the oil obtained from the seeds of plants grown in Slovenia and of comparing it to camelina oil from other countries we determined some physico-chemical properties, fatty acid composition, iodine and saponification value and followed its oxidative stability under different storage conditions. The density at 20 °C was (0.9207 ± 0.0001) g/cm3 and the refractive index reached 1.4756 ± 0.0001 at 25 °C. The analysis of fatty acids showed 10.3 % of saturated and 55.8 % of polyunsaturated acids, with 16.9 % of linoleic(C18:2), 35.2 % of a-linolenic (C18:3w3) and 1.6 % of erucic acid (C22:1). Determination of oxidative stability of this highly unsaturated oil revealed that the formation of primary oxidation products was affected by photooxidation. The peroxide value, PV, of fresh oil was (2.38 ± 0.01) meq O2/kg, while after 1 month in daylight at room temperature PV reached (21.0 ± 0.1) meq O2/kg. When stored in darkness PV was (8.12 ± 0.08) meq O2/kg. In the fresh oil, the p-anisidine value, AV, was 6.2 ± 0.1, after 11 months at room temperature 10.4 ± 0.1, and after the same time at 8 °C in darkness 7.1 ± 0.1. Susceptibility to oxidation of camelina oil was measured by the Rancimat test and expressed as the induction period. In fresh camelina oil the induction period was 4.8 h.
Key words: Camelina sativa oil, fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, density, refractive index, ox-
idative stability

[PDF] Physico-Chemical Properties, Composition and Oxidative Stability ...

Oil and Fatty Acid Diversity in Genetically Variable Clones of Moringa oleifera from India

Abstract: The physico-chemical properties of oil from Moringa oleifera seeds from India were determined in the present study. The petroleum ether extracted oil ranged from 27.83 - 45.07% on kernel basis and 15.1-28.4% on whole seed basis in 20 different clones. Leaves and pods showed a good source of vitamin C. Oleic acid (C18:1) has been found to be the major fatty acid being 78.91-85.52% as compared to olive oil, which is considered to be richest source of oleic acid. All the clones from India did not show any presence of behenic acid (C 22:0). The oil was also found to contain high levels of β-sitosterol ranged from 42.29-47.94% stigmasterol from 13.66-16.61%, campesterol from 12.53-16.63%. The γ- and δ-tocopherol were found to be in the range of 128.0-146.95, 51.88-63.5 and 55.23-63.84 mg/kg, respectively.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, seed oil, oleic acid, genetic variability

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Biocorrosion Behavior of Titanium Oxide/Butoxide-Coated Stainless Steel

Introduction
Stainless steel coated with multilayers of Ti oxide/butoxide was prepared via a layer-by-layer sol-gel deposition process. The successful buildup of the Ti oxide/butoxide coatings was ascertained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and static water contact angle measurements. The differences in corrosion behavior between the Ti oxide/butoxide-coated and the uncoated coupons in a simulated seawater-based modified Baar's medium inoculated with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans under anaerobic conditions were investigated by electrochemical analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical analyses and SEM results revealed that the pristine, the hydroxylated, and the nitric acid-passivated coupons were all vulnerable to biocorrosion due to localized breakdown of the passive film under synergistic attack of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and biogenic sulfide ions, leading to destructive pitting and crevice corrosion. However, the Ti oxide/butoxide-coated coupons exhibited desirable resistance in the biocorrosion environment and the coating remained relatively stable throughout the exposure period. EDX analysis revealed that the bioactive properties of the Ti oxide/butoxide coating arose from the concomitant deposition of calcium and phosphorous compounds. The increase in resistance of the Ti oxide/butoxide coatings with time was correlated with the increase in nucleation of calcium apatite in electrochemical studies.


Articles

©2008 The Electrochemical Society

History:	Submitted 14 November 2007; revised 25 January 2008; published 11 March 2008
Permalink:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2885073

Characteristics of anaerobic mixed cultures isolated from alkaline and oligotrophic habitats

Abstract

Anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from rock cores of Valanginian marl from Oberbauenstock (Switzerland) and from samples of sediments of soda lakes in California. Enrichments from the marl were made under fermenting, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions with concentrations of organic carbon ranging from 8.4 mg/L to 0.84 g/L, 2.1 mg/L to 0.21 g/L, and 2.6 mg/L to 0.26 g/L, respectively, at neutral and alkaline pH. Organisms from sediment samples were isolated under the same conditions with carbon contents of 8.4, 2.1, and 2.6 g/L, respectively, at alkaline pH. Growth and activity of the mixed cultures obtained were investigated at different values of pH and with limiting carbon source. All cultures obtained were obligate alkaliphilic with an optimum for growth at pH 9.0 for sulfate-reducing and methanogenic cultures, and pH 10.0 for the fermenting culture. At these pH values the cultures also grew under carbon-limited conditions (<10>

Keywords: alkaliphily; anaerobic; enrichment; fermenting bacteria; methanogens; oligotrophy; repositories for radioactive waste; sulfate-reducing bacteria

Articles

Sulfur species in process water of the paper industry by simultaneous conductivity and UV detection

Application Bulletin

- [ Terjemahkan laman ini ]IC Application Note No. Summary: Determination of sulfide and thiosulfate in a process water ... Metrohm Suppressor Module (MSM, 50 mmol/L H ...
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Titration application

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Titration instruments are used to determine the concentration of dissolved substances. Titration is based on a complete chemical reaction between the specific substance, the analyte, and a reagent or titrant of known concentration that is added to the sample

Titration Method:

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Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements

Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements Journal Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg ISSN 0003-021X (Print) 1558-9331 (Online) Issue Volume 73, Number 8 / August, 1996 Category Article DOI 10.1007/BF02523413 Pages 1039-1043 Subject Collection Chemistry and Materials Science SpringerLink Date Thursday, November 09, 2006

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Article

Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements

Bertrand W. Mathäus¹

(1)	Institut für Chemie und Physik der Fette der Bundesanstalt für Getreide-, Kartoffel- und Fettforschung, Postfach 1705, D-48006 Münster, Germany

Received: 13 June 1995 Accepted: 28 March 1996

Abstract
The oxidative stability of five different oils was determined by Rancimat analysis with conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements for evaluation of the induction periods. Samples of oil, taken at intervals from the Rancimat apparatus, were used for chemiluminescence measurements. The chemiluminescence results were plotted vs. time, and the resulting curves were evaluated with a graphical tangential procedure in the same way as the curves of the Rancimat method (conductivity measurement). Induction periods of the oils assessed by Rancimat and chemiluminescence methods showed a significant linear correlation (r=0.9865). The temperature dependence of the induction periods evaluated by chemiluminescence and by conductivity was investigated with walnut oil. A marked temperature dependence was observed for both.

Key Words Chemiluminescence - conductivity - induction period - oxidative stability - Rancimat - rapeseed oil - safflower oil - sunflower oil - vegetable oils - walnut oil

Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements

Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements Journal Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg ISSN 0003-021X (Print) 1558-9331 (Online) Issue Volume 73, Number 8 / August, 1996 Category Article DOI 10.1007/BF02523413 Pages 1039-1043 Subject Collection Chemistry and Materials Science SpringerLink Date Thursday, November 09, 2006

Add to marked items Add to saved items Permissions & Reprints Recommend this article

PDF (458.1 KB)

Article

Determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils by rancimat and conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements

Bertrand W. Mathäus¹

(1)	Institut für Chemie und Physik der Fette der Bundesanstalt für Getreide-, Kartoffel- und Fettforschung, Postfach 1705, D-48006 Münster, Germany

Received: 13 June 1995 Accepted: 28 March 1996

Abstract
The oxidative stability of five different oils was determined by Rancimat analysis with conductivity and chemiluminescence measurements for evaluation of the induction periods. Samples of oil, taken at intervals from the Rancimat apparatus, were used for chemiluminescence measurements. The chemiluminescence results were plotted vs. time, and the resulting curves were evaluated with a graphical tangential procedure in the same way as the curves of the Rancimat method (conductivity measurement). Induction periods of the oils assessed by Rancimat and chemiluminescence methods showed a significant linear correlation (r=0.9865). The temperature dependence of the induction periods evaluated by chemiluminescence and by conductivity was investigated with walnut oil. A marked temperature dependence was observed for both.

Key Words Chemiluminescence - conductivity - induction period - oxidative stability - Rancimat - rapeseed oil - safflower oil - sunflower oil - vegetable oils - walnut oil

Theory in Voltametry

Voltammetry
An Introduction in Theory
Metrohm Ltd.
CH-9100 Herisau
Switzerland
Voltammetry
Overview
What is Voltammetry?
Electrode Types
Voltammetric Techniques
Measurement Modes
Calibration Techniques
Advantages of Voltammetry
Summary

[PDF]Theroy in Voltammetry

An arsenic(III)-oxidizing bacterial population: selection, characterization, and performance in reactors

Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 200K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking

An arsenic(III)-oxidizing bacterial population: selection, characterization, and performance in reactors

F. Battaglia-Brunet ¹ , M.-C. Dictor ¹ , F. Garrido ¹ , C. Crouzet ² , D. Morin ¹ , K. Dekeyser ³ , M. Clarens ⁴ and P. Baranger ¹

¹ BRGM, Environment & Process Division, Biotechnology Unit, Orléans, ² BRGM, Analysis and Mineral Characterization Division, Orléans, ³ Guigues Recherche Appliquée en Microbiologie, Aix-en-Provence, ⁴ BIO-ID, Pépinière d'Entreprise EOLE, Narbonne, France

Correspondence to: Fabienne Battaglia-Brunet, BRGM, Environment &Process Division, Biotechnology Unit, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 6009, 45060 Orléans cedex 2, France (e-mail: f.battaglia@brgm.fr).

Copyright 2002 The Society for Applied Microbiology

f. battaglia-brunet , m.-c. dictor , f. garrido , c. crouzet , d. morin , k. dekeyser , m. clarens and p. baranger. 2002 .

ABSTRACT

Aims: To select an autotrophic arsenic(III)-oxidizing population, named CASO1, and to evaluate the performance of the selected bacteria in reactors.
Methods and Results: An As(III)-containing medium without organic substrate was used to select CASO1 from a mining environment. As(III) oxidation was studied under batch and continuous conditions. The main organisms present in CASO1 were identified with molecular biology tools. CASO1 exhibited significant As(III)-oxidizing activity between pH 3 and 8. The optimum temperature was 25°C. As(III) oxidation was still observed in the presence of 1000 mg l⁻¹ As(III). In continuous culture mode, the As(III) oxidation rate reached 160 mg l⁻¹ h⁻¹. The CASO1 consortium contains at least two organisms – strain b3, which is phylogenetically close to Ralstonia picketii, and strain b6, which is related to the genus Thiomonas. The divergence in 16S rDNA sequences between b6 and the closest related organism was 5·9%, suggesting that b6 may be a new species.
Conclusions: High As(III)-oxidizing activity can be obtained without organic nutrient supply, using a bacterial population from a mining environment.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The biological oxidation of arsenite by the CASO1 population is of particular interest for decontamination of arsenic-contaminated waste or groundwater.

---

73/02/02: received 20 February 2002, revised 6 June 2002 and accepted 19 June 2002

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)

10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01726.x About DOI

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